Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), also known as transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173) and MPYS/MITA/ERIS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STING1 gene. STING plays an important role in innate immunity. STING induces type I interferon production when cells are infected with intracellular pathogens, such as viruses, mycobacteria and intracellular parasites.Type I interferon, mediated by STING, protects infected cells and nearby cells from local infection by binding to the same cell that secretes it (autocrine signaling) and nearby cells (paracrine signaling.) It thus plays an important role, for instance, in controlling norovirus infection. STING works as both a direct cytosolic DNA sensor (CDS) and an adaptor protein in Type I interferon signaling through different molecular mechanisms. It has been shown to activate downstream transcription factors STAT6 and IRF3 through TBK1, which are responsible for antiviral response and innate immune response against intracellular pathogen.
背景文献
1. Liu K et al. Lipotoxicity-induced STING1 activation stimulates MTORC1 and restricts hepatic lipophagy. Autophagy. 2022 Apr
2. Zhang R et al. STING1 in Different Organelles: Location Dictates Function. Front Immunol. 2022 Mar
Western blot analysis of Phospho-STING (S366) on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Phospho-STING (S366) antibody (HA723137) at 1/2,000 dilution.
Lane 1: THP-1 treated with 80nM TPA for 16 hours cell lysate Lane 2: THP-1 treated with 80nM TPA for 16 hours then transfected with 5μg/mL Poly (dA:dT) for 3 hours cell lysate Lane 3: THP-1 treated with 80nM TPA for 16 hours then transfected with 5μg/mL Poly (dA:dT) for 3 hours cell lysate, then the membrane treated with λpp for 1 hour
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 42 kDa Observed band size: 42 kDa
Exposure time: 59 seconds; ECL: K1801;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA723137) at 1/2,000 dilution was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Dot blot analysis of Phospho-STING (S366) on different peptides with Rabbit anti-Phospho-STING (S366) antibody (HA723137) at 1/2,000 dilution. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: Unmodified STING peptide (negative) Lane 2: Phospho-STING (S366) peptide (positive)
Proteins loading: 100ng, 50ng, 10ng, 5ng;
Blocking and dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST;
Exposure time: 1 minute; ECL: K1801.
☑ Cell treatment (CT)
Phospho-STING (S366) was immunoprecipitated from 0.2 mg THP-1 treated with 80nM TPA for 16 hours then transfected with 5μg/mL Poly (dA:dT) for 3 hours cell lysate with HA723137 at 2 µg/10 µl beads. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using HA723137 at 1/1,000 dilution. Mouse Anti-Rabbit IgG kappa light chain secondary antibody (M1208-2) at 1/5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: THP-1 treated with 80nM TPA for 16 hours then transfected with 5μg/mL Poly (dA:dT) for 3 hours cell lysate (input) Lane 2: HA723137 IP in THP-1 treated with 80nM TPA for 16 hours then transfected with 5μg/mL Poly (dA:dT) for 3 hours cell lysate Lane 3: Rabbit IgG instead of HA723137 in THP-1 treated with 80nM TPA for 16 hours then transfected with 5μg/mL Poly (dA:dT) for 3 hours cell lysate