癌症是机体在各种致癌因素的作用下，出现原癌基因突变/扩增或抑癌基因丢失等遗传物质的改变，导致基因异常表达/细胞异常增殖形成新生物质。肿瘤学是研究肿瘤的发生、演化和防治的学科，包括对转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、致癌信号传导、表观遗传学或免疫逃避等领域的研究，探索肿瘤发病原理和作用机制有助于制定积极有效的预防方法。
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