Mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLKL gene. This gene belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. The encoded protein contains a protein kinase-like domain; however, is thought to be inactive because it lacks several residues required for activity. This protein plays a critical role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necroptosis, a programmed cell death process, via interaction with receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), which is a key signaling molecule in necroptosis pathway. Inhibitor studies and knockdown of this gene inhibited TNF-induced necrosis. High levels of this protein and RIP3 are associated with inflammatory bowel disease in children.
背景文献
1. Martens S et al. MLKL in cancer: more than a necroptosis regulator. Cell Death Differ. 2021 Jun
2. Liu S et al. MLKL polymerization-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization promotes necroptosis. Cell Death Differ. 2024 Jan
序列相似性
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.
组织特异性
Highly expressed in thymus, colon, intestine, liver, spleen and lung. Expressed at much lower level in skeletal muscle, heart and kidney. Not detected in brain.
翻译后修饰
Phosphorylation by RIPK3 induces a conformational switch that is required for necroptosis. It also induces homotrimerization and localization to the plasma membrane.
Mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase antibody
Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein antibody
Mlkl antibody
MLKL_HUMAN antibody
图片
☑ Cell treatment (CT)
Western blot analysis of Phospho-MLKL (S345) on different lysates with Rabbit anti-Phospho-MLKL (S345) antibody (ET1705-51) at 1/1,000 dilution and competitor's antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
Lane 1: L-929 cell lysate Lane 2: L929 treated with 20μM Z-VAD for 3.5 hours, then added 100nM SM-164 and 20ng/ml TNF-α for 3 hours cell lysate
Lysates/proteins at 20 µg/Lane.
Predicted band size: 54 kDa Observed band size: 54 kDa
Exposure time: 1 minute 10 seconds; ECL: K1802;
4-20% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (ET1705-51) at 1/1,000 dilution and competitor's antibody at 1/1,000 dilution were used in 5% NFDM/TBST at 4℃ overnight. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1001) at 1/50,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse spleen tissue using anti-Phospho-MLKL (S345) antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1705-51, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse lung tissue using anti-Phospho-MLKL (S345) antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1705-51, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse liver tissue using anti-Phospho-MLKL (S345) antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1705-51, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mouse colon tissue using anti-Phospho-MLKL (S345) antibody. The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 20 minutes.The tissues were blocked in 5% BSA for 30 minutes at room temperature, washed with ddH2O and PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1705-51, 1/50) for 30 minutes at room temperature. The detection was performed using an HRP conjugated compact polymer system. DAB was used as the chromogen. Tissues were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted with DPX.
Immunofluorescence analysis of frozen mouse spleen tissue with Rabbit anti-Phospho-MLKL (S345) antibody (ET1705-51) at 1/100 dilution.
The section was pre-treated using heat mediated antigen retrieval with sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) for about 2 minutes in microwave oven. The tissues were blocked in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature, washed with PBS, and then probed with the primary antibody (ET1705-51, green) at 1/100 dilution overnight at 4 ℃, washed with PBS. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1121) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).
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