FLAG-tag, or FLAG octapeptide, or FLAG epitope, is a polypeptide protein tag that can be added to a protein using recombinant DNA technology, having the sequence motif DYKDDDDK (where D=aspartic acid, Y=tyrosine, and K=lysine). It is one of the most specific tags and it is an artificial antigen to which specific, high affinity monoclonal antibodies have been developed and hence can be used for protein purification by affinity chromatography and also can be used for locating proteins within living cells. It has been used to separate recombinant, overexpressed protein from wild-type protein expressed by the host organism. It can also be used in the isolation of protein complexes with multiple subunits, because its mild purification procedure tends not to disrupt such complexes. It has been used to obtain proteins of sufficient purity and quality to carry out 3D structure determination by x-ray crystallography. A FLAG-tag can be used in many different assays that require recognition by an antibody. If there is no antibody against a given protein, adding a FLAG-tag to a protein allows the protein to be studied with an antibody against the FLAG sequence. Examples are cellular localization studies by immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation or detection by SDS PAGE protein electrophoresis and Western blotting. The peptide sequence of the FLAG-tag from the N-terminus to the C-terminus is: DYKDDDDK (1012 Da). Additionally, it may be used in tandem, commonly the 3xFLAG peptide: DYKDHD-G-DYKDHD-I-DYKDDDDK (with the final tag encoding an enterokinase cleavage site). It can be fused to the C-terminus or the N-terminus of a protein, or inserted within a protein. The tyrosine residue in the FLAG-tag can be sulfated, which can affect antibody recognition of the FLAG epitope. The FLAG-tag can be used in conjunction with other affinity tags, for example a polyhistidine tag (His-tag), HA-tag or myc-tag.
背景文献
1. Hunter MR, Grimsey NL, Glass M (2016). "Sulfation of the FLAG epitope is affected by co-expression of G protein-coupled receptors in a mammalian cell model". Scientific Reports. 6: 27316.
2. Hopp TP, Prickett KS, Price VL, Libby RT, March CJ, Pat Cerretti D, Urdal DL, Conlon PJ (1988). "A Short Polypeptide Marker Sequence Useful for Recombinant Protein Identification and Purification". Bio/Technology. 6 (10): 1204–10.
Western blot analysis of DYKDDDDK Tag (FLAG) on different lysates with Mouse anti-DYKDDDDK Tag (FLAG) antibody (HA601080) at different dilutions.
Lane 1/2/3: C-terminal FLAG-tag fusion protein lysate Lane 4/5/6: N-terminal FLAG-tag fusion protein lysate
Lysates/proteins at 50 ng/Lane.
Observed band size: 35/36 kDa
Exposure time: 2 minutes;
12% SDS-PAGE gel.
Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% NFDM/TBST for 1 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (HA601080) at different dilutions was used in 5% NFDM/TBST at room temperature for 2 hours. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG - HRP Secondary Antibody (HA1006) at 1:150,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Immunocytochemistry analysis of HeLa cells labeling DYKDDDDK Tag (FLAG) with Mouse anti-DYKDDDDK Tag (FLAG) antibody (HA601080) at 1/250 dilution.
HeLa cells, transfected with FLAG-tagged empty control, Claudin 18.2 (C-terminal) or Histone H3.1 (N-terminal) expression vector, respectively, were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 minutes at room temperature, then blocked with 1% BSA in 10% negative goat serum for 1 hour at room temperature. Cells were then incubated with Mouse anti-DYKDDDDK Tag (FLAG) antibody (HA601080) at 1/250 dilution in 1% BSA in PBST overnight at 4 ℃. Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (iFluor™ 488, HA1125) was used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution. PBS instead of the primary antibody was used as the secondary antibody only control. Nuclear DNA was labelled in blue with DAPI.
beta Tubulin (ET1602-4, red) was stained at 1/100 dilution overnight at +4℃. Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (iFluor™ 594, HA1122) were used as the secondary antibody at 1/1,000 dilution.
FLAG-tag was immunoprecipitated in 2µg C-terminal FLAG-tag fusion protein lysate with HA601080. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using HA601080 at 1/5,000 dilution. Anti-Mouse IgG for IP Nano-secondary antibody (NBI02H) at 1:2,000 dilution was used for 60 mins at room temperature.
Lane 1: C-terminal FLAG-tag fusion protein lysate (input). Lane 2: HA601080 IP in C-terminal FLAG-tag fusion protein lysate. Lane 3: Mouse IgG instead of HA601080 IP in C-terminal FLAG-tag fusion protein lysate.
Blocking/Dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.
FLAG-tag was immunoprecipitated in 2µg N-terminal FLAG-tag fusion protein lysate with HA601080. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using HA601080 at 1/5,000 dilution. Anti-Mouse IgG for IP Nano-secondary antibody (NBI02H) at 1:2,000 dilution was used for 60 mins at room temperature.
Lane 1: N-terminal FLAG-tag fusion protein lysate (input). Lane 2: HA601080 IP in N-terminal FLAG-tag fusion protein lysate. Lane 3: Mouse IgG instead of HA601080 IP in N-terminal FLAG-tag fusion protein lysate.
Blocking/Dilution buffer: 5% NFDM/TBST.
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