Beta III Tubulin Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

功能

Tubulin is one of several members of a small family of globular proteins. The most common members of the tubulin family are α-tubulin and β-tubulin. The beta-tubulin (relative molecular weight about 50 kDa) is counterpart of alpha-tubulin in tubulin heterodimer, it is coded by multiple tubulin genes and it is also posttranslationally modified. Heterogeneity of subunit is concentrated in C-terminal structural domain. Beta-Tubulin may have bound GTP or GDP. Under certain conditions β-tubulin can hydrolyze its bound GTP to GDP plus Pi, release the Pi, and exchange the GDP for GTP.

背景文献

1. Westermann, S. and Weber, K. (2003) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4, 938 -947.

2. Ranganathan S., Dexter D.W., Benetatos C.A., Hudes G.R.; "Cloning and sequencing of human betaIII-tubulin cDNA: induction of betaIII isotype in human prostate carcinoma cells by acute exposure to antimicrotubule agents."; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1395:237-245(1998).

3. The MGC Project Team; "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).

序列相似性

Belongs to the tubulin family.

组织特异性

Expression is primarily restricted to central and peripheral nervous system. Greatly increased expression in most cancerous tissues.

翻译后修饰

Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. Polyglutamylation plays a key role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold.; Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are monoglycylated but not polyglycylated due to the absence of functional TTLL10 in human. Monoglycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into axonemes (cilia and flagella). Both polyglutamylation and monoglycylation can coexist on the same protein on adjacent residues, and lowering glycylation levels increases polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of monoglycylation is still unclear (Probable).; Phosphorylated on Ser-172 by CDK1 during the cell cycle, from metaphase to telophase, but not in interphase. This phosphorylation inhibits tubulin incorporation into microtubules.

亚细胞定位

Microtubule

UNIPROT #

SwissProt: Q13509 Human

SwissProt: Q9ERD7 Mouse

SwissProt: Q4QRB4 Rat

别名